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Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (; 13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi.〔("Antonio Meucci's Illness" ). ''The New York Times'', 9 March 1889; accessed 25 February 2009.〕〔Nese, Nicotra 1989, pp. 35–52.〕 Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus which several sources credit as the first telephone.〔〔Several Italian encyclopaedias claim Meucci as the inventor of the telephone, including: – the "Treccani" () – the Italian version of Microsoft digital encyclopaedia, Encarta. – ''Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' (''Italian Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Arts'').〕 Meucci set up a form of voice-communication link in his Staten Island, New York home in which the second-floor bedroom connected to his laboratory.〔 He submitted a patent caveat for his telephonic device to the U.S. Patent Office in 1871, but there was no mention of electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound in his caveat. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for the electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound by undulatory electric current.〔 ==Early life== Meucci was born at Via dei Serragli 44 in the San Frediano borough of Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now in the Italian Republic), on 13 April 1808, as the first of nine children to Amatis Meucci and Domenica Pepi.〔 Amatis was at times a government clerk and a member of the local police, and Domenica was principally a homemaker. Four of Meucci's siblings did not survive childhood.〔Nese, Nicotra 1989, pp. 6–7.〕 In November 1821, at the age of 15, he was admitted to Florence Academy of Fine Arts as its youngest student, where he studied chemical and mechanical engineering.〔 He ceased full-time studies two years later due to insufficient funds, but continued studying part-time after obtaining employment as an assistant gatekeeper and customs official for the Florentine government.〔 Meucci later became employed at the Teatro della Pergola in Florence as a stage technician, assisting Artemio Canovetti.〔(Catania Basilio 2003 Antonio Meucci inventore del telefono ), Notiziario Tecnico Telecom Italia, anno 12 n.1, dicembre 2003, pp. 109.〕 In 1834 Meucci constructed a type of acoustic telephone to communicate between the stage and control room at the Teatro della Pergola. This telephone was constructed on the principles of pipe-telephones used on ships and still functions. He married costume designer Esterre Mochi, who was employed in the same theatre, on 7 August 1834.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antonio Meucci」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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